# Historical changes in Richard Reid's CS1 Language Survey data # # The following tables compares three versions (1995-04, 1999-08, # 2001-02) of Richard Reid's survey of programming languages used for # Introductory Programming course (a.k.a. CS1) in various schools # throughout the world. # # The first table considers only those schools that appear in all # three lists. # # 1995-04 1999-08 2001-02 # ---------- ---------- ---------- # Language schools % schools % schools % # ---------- ------- -- ------- -- ------- -- | Pascal 110.8 42 87.2 33 89.5 34 | Ada 42.5 16 41.6 16 41.5 16 | C++ 20.3 8 40.3 15 39.5 15 | C 28.8 11 30.9 12 29.5 11 | Scheme 30.8 12 28.6 11 28.5 11 | Modula 18.4 7 15.2 6 16.0 6 | Fortran 6.5 2 6.0 2 6.0 2 | Java 0.0 0 6.0 2 6.0 2 | Eiffel 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | Haskell 0.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | HyperTalk 0.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | ML 0.0 0 1.0 0 0.5 0 | ISETL 0.8 0 0.8 0 0.5 0 | Turing 1.5 1 0.2 0 0.5 0 | Karel 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.0 0 | Prolog 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 | SML 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 # # Fractional counts are due to schools that use 2 or more languages in # their CS1 courses. # # The following table compares the counts and percentages for each # version, first for the "common" schools (those that were listed in # all three surveys), then for "total" schools (all those that were # listed in the particular survey): # # 1995-04 1999-08 2001-02 # ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- # Language total % common % total % common % total % common % # -------- ------- -- ------- -- ------- -- ------- -- ------- -- ------- -- | Pascal 149.1 37 110.8 42 137.3 26 87.2 33 99.5 28 89.5 34 | Ada 70.9 17 42.5 16 82.3 16 41.6 16 50.5 14 41.5 16 | C++ 26.5 7 20.3 8 100.8 19 40.3 15 88.5 25 39.5 15 | C 35.5 9 28.8 11 56.9 11 30.9 12 42.5 12 29.5 11 | Scheme 48.2 12 30.8 12 47.6 9 28.6 11 29.5 8 28.5 11 | Modula 46.9 12 18.4 7 45.3 9 15.2 6 17.0 5 16.0 6 | Java 0.0 0 0.0 0 15.0 3 6.0 2 11.0 3 6.0 2 | Fortran 7.5 2 6.5 2 8.0 2 6.0 2 6.0 2 6.0 2 | Eiffel 2.0 0 1.0 0 3.0 1 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | Haskell 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.8 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | HyperTalk 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 | Turing 5.5 1 1.5 1 3.2 1 0.2 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 | ML 1.0 0 0.0 0 2.0 0 1.0 0 1.5 0 0.5 0 | ISETL 1.8 0 0.8 0 1.8 0 0.8 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 | SML 4.0 1 0.1 0 6.1 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Smalltalk 1.0 0 0.0 0 4.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Oberon 0.5 0 0.0 0 3.5 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Miranda 3.0 1 0.0 0 2.9 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Beta 1.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Blue 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Simula 1.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Karel 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Orwell 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Prolog 0.6 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 | Basic 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 0.0 0 # # There were 126 schools added to the list between 1995-04 and # 1999-08. On the other hand, 177 of the schools in the 1999-08 list # were omitted from the 2001-02 edition. Just for the record, their # statistics were: # # added dropped # by after # Language 1999-08 1999-08 # ---------- ------- ------- | Pascal 17.000 40.070 | Ada 17.000 32.730 | Modula 3.200 29.030 | Scheme 3.000 18.000 | C 18.250 12.950 | C++ 54.000 12.500 | SML 1.800 6.050 | Java 6.000 4.000 | Oberon 2.000 3.500 | Smalltalk 3.000 3.000 | Turing 0.000 3.000 | Miranda 0.000 2.920 | Eiffel 1.000 2.000 | Beta 0.000 1.000 | Blue 0.000 1.000 | Fortran 1.000 1.000 | ISETL 0.000 1.000 | ML 0.000 1.000 | Simula 0.000 1.000 | Haskell 0.750 0.750 | Orwell 0.000 0.500 # # There were only 4 new schools added between the 1999-08 and # the 2001-02 versions: # # Language School # ------------ ----------------------------- # Ada Cranfield University # C++ Nottingham-Trent University # ML Brunei University # VirtualBasic Derby University # # Tabulated by J. Stolfi # Last edited on 2001-09-03 09:39:04 by stolfi