@article{luf-yan-liu-liu-18-aa-cpowflow,
  author = {Lu, Fang and Yan, Liang and Liu, Hongda and Liu, Fanming},
  title = {Complex Affine Arithmetic-Based Power Flow Analysis for Zonal Medium Voltage Direct Current Shipboard Power Systems in the Presence of Power Variation},
  journal = {Energies},
  volume = {11},
  number = {7},
  pages = {article 1697},
  year = 2018,
  issn = {1996-1073},
  doi = {10.3390/en11071697},
  abstract = {The medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) ship power system has been extensively investigated and discussed in recent years. This paper presents an alternating current/direct-current (AC/DC) power flow algorithm based on complex affine arithmetic for the zonal MVDC shipboard power system in the presence of power variation. The power converter effect is considered, and an affine power converter model is proposed in the power flow model. An affine-analysis-based sequential method is adopted to solve AC/DC power flows. With the proposed algorithm, the bounds of bus voltages can be effectively obtained. A relative influence factor is defined to quantitatively assess the effect of power variation on voltage profile. Four cases are studied in detail to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is useful in network architecture design, planning, and online operations of MVDC power systems when such decisions are subject to power variation.}
}