Voynich Manuscript - Pages with special words highlighted

Interpreting the colors

In each of the pages below, I have highlighed with this color all occurrences of unique words, namely those that occur only once in the whole source text.

I have used various other bright colors for special words. Currently, a word is considered special if it occurs at least twice on some page, and its frequency in some page is significantly above its frequency in the whole VMs section.

The special words and their colors have been chosen on a section-by-section basis. So, within each section (Herbal-A, Herbal-B, Biological, Astro, etc.), the same set of words is highlighted on all pages where they occur; and each word is painted with the same color throughout the section. (However, the brightness of the color is made to vary slightly in proportion to the word's frequency in each particular page).

Both the special words and their colors will normally change from section to section.

Control section f201r-f211r

It is instructive to compare the colorized VMs pages with the control section f201r-f211r: a sample of English prose, which I colorized by the same methods as the rest of the book, as if it were a single separate section.

Word equivalence

Two words are assumed to be the same, for counting and colorizing purposes, if they are identical after the following operations:

  map `k' to `t' and `f' to `p'
  replace `ei' by `a'
  map `a' and `y' to `o'
  map `p' to `t' and `f' to `k'
  delete the word-initial `q'
  delete any embedded spaces