The Proto-Indo-European word for "dog"
Comparative linguistics lets us reconstruct the word for "dog" in the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language:
/*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/
From that prototypical lexeme, the words for "dog" in all Indo-European languages can be derived by systematic sound shifts:
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/
elision of plosives /ḍ/, /ṕ@/ before sibilant and fricatives, elision of vowel /ø/ between nasal consonants
→ /*čæẌя̃wos/
 softening of /č/ in word-initial position, denasalization and devoicing of /Ẍ/, palatalization of /я̃w/, phonemization of final sub-sibilant, front-shift of /æ/
→ Greek syclos "dog"
loss of medial palatal clusters, palatalization of /s/ in stressed syllable
→ Lithuanian šuo "dog"
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → cachorro
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → perro
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → cane
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → chien
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → hund
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → dog
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → pas
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → sabaka
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ → (devoicing of /ḍ/, aspiration of /ṕ@/ in pre-nasal fricative position, apocope of /os/) → /*ṭčæẖẌøя̃w/ → (de-aspiration, rounding of vowels, de-nasalization of trill, suppression of front glide) → Basque txakur "dog"
- /*ḍčæṕ@Ẍøя̃wos/ →
c kur os
c u o
d a kur
ca ch or o
p er o
c a ne
i nu
ch en
d un
d ok
p ak
cap aka
skylos
šuo
txakur
Last edited on 2019-05-13 10:50:22 by stolfi