@techreport{TR-IC-12-11,
   number = {IC-12-11},
   author  =  {Filipe  de  O.  Costa  and Michael Eckmann and Anderson
                   Rocha},
   title  = {Open-set camera ballistics: Matching an image to a camera
                   with little knowledge of the unknown},
   month = {April},
   year = {2012},
   institution = {Institute of Computing, University of Campinas},
   note = {In English, 10 pages.
    \par\selectlanguage{english}\textbf{Abstract}
       Similar  to  ballistic  tests  in  which  we match a gun to its
       bullets,  we  can identify a given digital camera that acquired
       an  image  under  investigation.  In this paper, we introduce a
       method  for identifying whether or not an image was captured by
       a  specific digital camera. The method relies on well-known and
       established noise residual features related to the images under
       investigation.  The novelty of our approach is in the extension
       of   such  features  considering  an  ``open  set"  recognition 
       scenario, under which we can not rely on the assumption of full
       access to all of the potential source cameras. In this case, we
       model  the  decision  space  to  take  advantage of a few known
       cameras  and  carve  the  decision boundaries to decrease false
       matches  increasing the reliability of image source attribution
       as an aid for digital forensics in the court of law.
  }
}